(Taken from "How Languages are Learned" by Patsy M Lightbrown and Nina Spada. (2007) Oxford Handbooks for Language Teachers). Useful for editing grammar items in RE assessments. This page is intended to help teachers identify the stages the ELL student is at in grammar acquisition. This research shows ESOL students master First, -ing (progressive ), plural, copula (to be) Second, auxiliary (progressive as in "He is going") Third, irregular past Finally, regular past -ed , t hird person singular -s , possessive's ( Krashen's (1977) summary of second language grammatical morpheme acquisition sequence) Negation He don't like it. I don't can sing. Stage 3- You can not go there. He was not happy. She don't like rice. (don't form not analysed) They come not [to] home. Stage 4 "Do" is marked for tense, person and number. Auxiliary and verb can be still confused. I didn't went there. Questions Stage 1 Single words, formulae or
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